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A project of the American Research Center in Egypt
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View of chamber I looking into burial chamber J, before installation of new railings and wooden floor.
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Entryway A

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The stepped entryway passes beneath an unusually deep overhang, leaving only the upper third of the stairs open. A modern shelter now covers the entryway.

Porter and Moss designation:

A

Architectural Features

Overhang
Steps

Condition

Cutting finished
Excavated
Undecorated

Dimensions

  • Width:

    2.66 m
  • Length:

    8.27 m
  • Area:

    22.01 m2
  • Orientation:

    357.72°

Graffiti

  • Hieratic text:

    one inspection docket

Gate B

See entire tomb

This gate is undecorated.

Porter and Moss designation:

B

Condition

Excavated
Cutting finished
Undecorated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    2.59 m
  • Width:

    2.09 m
  • Length:

    1.03 m
  • Area:

    2.15 m2
  • Volume:

    5.43 m3
  • Orientation:

    0° from entryway A

Graffiti

  • Hieratic text:

    two inspection dockets left (West) thickness
  • Hieratic text:

    one inspection docket right (East) thickness

Corridor B

See entire tomb

The ceiling and floor of corridor B descend steeply toward gate C. The walls are not decorated.

Porter and Moss designation:

B

Condition

Cutting finished
Excavated
Undecorated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    2.56 m
  • Width:

    2.65 m
  • Length:

    13.24 m
  • Area:

    34.98 m2
  • Volume:

    91.49 m3
  • Orientation:

    0° from entryway A

Gate C

See entire tomb

The floor of this simple gate continues the descent from corridor B to stairwell C.

Porter and Moss designation:

C

Condition

Excavated
Cutting finished
Undecorated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    2.37 m
  • Width:

    2.11 m
  • Length:

    1.06 m
  • Area:

    2.24 m2
  • Volume:

    5.3 m3
  • Orientation:

    0° from corridor B

Stairwell C

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Trapezoidal recesses flank the steep stairway, which has a second overhang above the bottom. The latter occurs for the first time in the Valley of the Kings in this tomb.

Porter and Moss designation:

C

Architectural Features

Overhang
Recesses
Steps

Condition

Cutting finished
Excavated
Undecorated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    5.37 m
  • Width:

    2.59 m
  • Length:

    7.92 m
  • Area:

    20.38 m2
  • Volume:

    81.33 m3
  • Orientation:

    0° from corridor B

Gate D

See entire tomb

The steps from stairwell C continue partly through gate D.

Porter and Moss designation:

D

Architectural Features

Steps

Condition

Excavated
Cutting finished
Undecorated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    2.77 m
  • Width:

    2.07 m
  • Length:

    1.03 m
  • Area:

    2.14 m2
  • Volume:

    5.82 m3
  • Orientation:

    0° from stairwell C

Gate E

See entire tomb

The threshold and soffit of this gate are level.

Porter and Moss designation:

Room E (Well room)

Condition

Excavated
Cutting finished
Undecorated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    2.37 m
  • Width:

    2.04 m
  • Length:

    1.09 m
  • Area:

    2.21 m2
  • Volume:

    5.26 m3
  • Orientation:

    2.7° left from corridor D

Well chamber E

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This chamber has a well shaft, today partly filled with debris, although the excavators reported a small chamber opening off the bottom. A concrete and iron bridge has been constructed over the well shaft. The chamber is decorated with representations of the king with various deities.

Porter and Moss designation:

Room E (Well room)

Architectural Features

Well shaft

Condition

Cutting finished
Decorated
Decoration damaged
Flood Damage
Partly excavated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    2.39 m
  • Width:

    4.16 m
  • Length:

    3.37 m
  • Area:

    15.55 m2
  • Volume:

    37.17 m3
  • Orientation:

    2.7° left from corridor D

Decoration

  • Deities

    Anubis jackal on a shrine front (South) wall
  • Deceased with deities

    Horus, Isis, Hathor, Osiris-Wennefer left (West) wall
  • Deceased with deities

    Horus, Hathor front (South) wall
  • Deceased with deities

    Hathor, Osiris, Horus, Isis right (East) wall
  • Deceased with deities

    Horus, Osiris, Anubis and other gods to an enthroned Osiris followed by Anubis and another Horus, in front of whom a small figure of an Iwnmutef priest stands (scene is damaged) rear (North) wall
  • Star pattern

    Ceiling
  • Kheker frieze

    All walls

Gate F

See entire tomb

Modern stairs in the gate partially cover the ancient blocking.

Porter and Moss designation:

F

Architectural Features

Steps

Condition

Excavated
Cutting finished
Undecorated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    2.43 m
  • Width:

    2.09 m
  • Length:

    1.07 m
  • Area:

    2.21 m2
  • Volume:

    4.49 m3
  • Orientation:

    4.17° left from well chamber E

Pillared chamber F

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This chamber exhibits another architectural innovation: its long axis is roughly parallel to the axis of the upper corridors, and the axis of the stepped descent and the lower chambers are parallel and offset to the west. The excavators noted the presence of blocking in the descent that had been broken through in antiquity. There are two pillars in the chamber. There is a round hole in the left (west) wall above the descent.

Porter and Moss designation:

F

Architectural Features

Pillars
Steps

Condition

Cutting finished
Excavated
Undecorated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    2.72 m
  • Width:

    6.88 m
  • Length:

    7.53 m
  • Area:

    51.61 m2
  • Volume:

    157.75 m3
  • Orientation:

    4.17° left from well chamber E
  • Number of pillars:

    2
  • Average pillar width:

    1.07 m

Descent F

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This stairway is cut into the floor in the northwest (left rear) corner of chamber F and extends to gate G.

Porter and Moss designation:

F

Architectural Features

Steps
Overhang

Condition

Excavated
Cutting finished
Undecorated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    2.95 m
  • Width:

    2.62 m
  • Length:

    5.1 m
  • Area:

    10.98 m2
  • Orientation:

    0° from well chamber E

Gate G

See entire tomb

Gate G connects descent F to corridor G.

Porter and Moss designation:

G

Condition

Excavated
Cutting finished
Undecorated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    2.65 m
  • Width:

    2.08 m
  • Length:

    1.1 m
  • Area:

    2.3 m2
  • Volume:

    5.96 m3
  • Orientation:

    0° from pillared chamber F

Corridor G

See entire tomb

Corridor G is undecorated.

Porter and Moss designation:

G

Condition

Cutting finished
Excavated
Undecorated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    2.6 m
  • Width:

    2.62 m
  • Length:

    7.6 m
  • Area:

    19.85 m2
  • Volume:

    51.65 m3
  • Orientation:

    0° from pillared chamber F

Gate H

See entire tomb

This simple gate connects corridor G with stairwell H.

Porter and Moss designation:

H

Condition

Excavated
Cutting finished
Undecorated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    2.25 m
  • Width:

    2.06 m
  • Length:

    1.06 m
  • Area:

    2.19 m2
  • Volume:

    4.92 m3
  • Orientation:

    2.41° right from corridor G

Stairwell H

See entire tomb

Trapezoidal recesses flank the top of the stairway beneath a sloping ceiling and extend to the lintel of gate I.

Porter and Moss designation:

H

Architectural Features

Recesses
Steps

Condition

Cutting finished
Excavated
Undecorated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    2.99 m
  • Width:

    3.12 m
  • Length:

    4.93 m
  • Area:

    15.4 m2
  • Volume:

    41.68 m3
  • Orientation:

    2.41° right from corridor G

Gate I

See entire tomb

Gate I contains a compound jamb. It was once closed by a wooden door. The gate has a sloping threshold and level soffit.

Porter and Moss designation:

Antechamber I

Architectural Features

Compound jambs
Door pivot holes

Condition

Cutting finished
Excavated
Undecorated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    2.49 m
  • Width:

    2.06 m
  • Length:

    1.08 m
  • Area:

    2.29 m2
  • Volume:

    5.77 m3
  • Orientation:

    0° from stairwell H

Chamber I

See entire tomb

The decoration shows the king in the presence of deities.

Porter and Moss designation:

Antechamber I

Condition

Cutting finished
Damaged structurally
Decorated
Decoration damaged
Excavated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    2.66 m
  • Width:

    4.12 m
  • Length:

    5.21 m
  • Area:

    21.32 m2
  • Volume:

    57.34 m3
  • Orientation:

    0° from stairwell H

Decoration

  • Deceased with deities

    two figures of Hathor and one of Horus front (South) wall
  • Deceased with deities

    Anubis, Isis, Horus, Hathor, Osiris left (West) wall
  • Deceased with deities

    Anubis, Isis, Horus, Hathor, Osiris right (East) wall
  • Deceased with deities

    Ptah and Nefertem rear (North) wall
  • Star pattern

    Ceiling
  • Kheker frieze

    All walls
  • Amuletic representations

    djed-pillar, tyet-knot rear (North) wall

Gate J

See entire tomb

The lintel of this compound gate has suffered structural damage and is no longer intact. The outer thicknesses display figures of Ma'at. The gate was once closed by a wooden door.

Porter and Moss designation:

Sarcophagus chamber J (Golden hall)

Architectural Features

Compound jambs
Door pivot holes

Condition

Excavated
Cutting finished
Decorated
Damaged structurally
Decoration damaged

Dimensions

  • Height:

    2.5 m
  • Width:

    2.05 m
  • Length:

    1.07 m
  • Area:

    2.28 m2
  • Volume:

    0.14 m3
  • Orientation:

    0° from chamber I

Decoration

  • Deities

    Ma'at left (West) outer thickness
  • Deities

    Ma'at right (East) outer thickness
  • Kheker frieze

    left (West) outer thickness
  • Kheker frieze

    right (East) outer thickness

Burial chamber J

See entire tomb

The burial chamber is divided into two parts: a pillared section which is level with gate J and a lower section reached by two stairways, one between the last set of pillars and on the other to the left (west) of them. The pillared section consists of three pairs of pillars, some of which have undergone restoration. A gently sloping ramp begins its descent between the first set of pillars and leads to the stairway which lies between the last set. The second stairway was cut in the floor to the west of the first set of stairs, but it was filled in during the restoration process. The pillars were also restored and partially reconstructed at this time. The lower level has a flat ceiling. There is a large red granite sarcophagus placed off-center on the floor. Chamber J has gates to five side chambers, two in the rear (west) wall, one in the right (north) wall, and two in the left wall.

The decoration is of particular interest here not only for the innovative subject matter, but its unfinished nature shows the different stages in the work of the artists. As in well chamber E and chamber I, the intended decorative technique was to have been raised relief. The relief carving was left unfinished, however, and the only painted decoration was on the uncarved plaster surface in the southwest corner. Preliminary sketches on the right, left, and rear walls preserve excellent examples of the first stage of the decorative process.

  • Chamber plan:

    Rectangular
  • Relationship to main tomb axis:

    Parallel
  • Chamber layout:

    Pillared front upper level, sunken rear lower level
  • Floor:

    Two levels
  • Ceiling:

    Flat

Porter and Moss designation:

Sarcophagus chamber J (Golden hall)

Architectural Features

Magical brick niches
Pillars
Ramp
Sarcophagus
Sarcophagus emplacement
Steps

Condition

Cutting finished
Damaged structurally
Decoration unfinished
Excavated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    4.27 m
  • Width:

    8.95 m Irregular
  • Length:

    14.12 m
  • Area:

    117.19 m2
  • Volume:

    466.31 m3
  • Orientation:

    0° from chamber I
  • Number of pillars:

    6
  • Average pillar width:

    1.07 m

Decoration

  • Book of Gates

    first, third and fourth divisions (P)/second, fourth and fifth hours (H) left (West) wall
  • Book of Gates

    second and fifth divisions (P)/third and sixth hours (H) right (East) wall
  • Book of Gates

    fifth division (P)/sixth hour (H) rear (North) wall
  • Book of Gates

    fourth gate (lower section of burial chamber) front (South) wall
  • Book of Gates

    first division (P)/second hour (H) front (South) wall
  • Kheker frieze

    left (West) wall
  • Kheker frieze

    right (East) wall

Sarcophagus

  • Extant remains:

    Box and lid
  • Sarcophagus form:

    Shrine of Lower Egypt
  • Material:

    Red granite
  • Length:

    2.72 m
  • Width:

    1.16 m
  • Height:

    1.42 m
  • Orientation:

    east
  • Emplacement:

    On floor
  • Comments:

    The sarcophagus currently rests on a modern cement base. The lid was broken and repaired in antiquity.
  • Decoration:

  • Deities:
    four sons of Horus, Anubis, and four winged goddesses (Isis, Nephthys, Neith and Serqet) sculpted at corners. Box exterior
  • Prayers and hymns:
    lateral bands with recitations by four sons of Horus, Horus and Geb and three longitudinal bands with recitiations by king Lid exterior

Gate Ja

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Side chamber Jaa has a steeply stepped pit cut into its floor giving access to side chamber Jaa. The pit has a recessed lip for holding a cover slab.

Condition

Excavated
Cutting finished
Undecorated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    1.89 m
  • Width:

    0.89 m
  • Length:

    0.77 m
  • Area:

    0.69 m2
  • Volume:

    1.3 m3
  • Orientation:

    88.8° left from burial chamber J

Side chamber Ja

See entire tomb

This gate leads from the pit cut in the floor of side chamber Ja to the lower side chamber Jaa.

Architectural Features

Steps

Condition

Cutting finished
Excavated
Undecorated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    2.2 m
  • Width:

    2.63 m
  • Length:

    2.11 m
  • Area:

    5.55 m2
  • Volume:

    12.02 m3
  • Orientation:

    88.8° left from burial chamber J

Side chamber Jaa

See entire tomb

This side chamber lies below and to the rear (west) of side chamber Ja. It served as a crypt and was entered from a pit in the floor of side chamber Ja.

Condition

Cutting finished
Excavated
Undecorated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    1.07 m
  • Width:

    2.87 m
  • Length:

    2.3 m
  • Area:

    6.52 m2
  • Volume:

    6.88 m3
  • Orientation:

    3.68° left from side chamber Ja

Gate Jaa

See entire tomb

This shaft connects side chamber Ja with side chamber Jaa. It is part of a pit cut into the floor of side chamber Ja. The pit has a recessed lip for holding cover slabs.

Condition

Excavated
Cutting finished
Undecorated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    0.93 m
  • Width:

    0.8 m
  • Length:

    0.58 m
  • Area:

    0.46 m2
  • Volume:

    0.43 m3
  • Orientation:

    0° from side chamber Ja

Gate Jb

See entire tomb

The gate is located in the left (west) wall of burial chamber J.

Porter and Moss designation:

Side-room K

Condition

Excavated
Cutting finished
Undecorated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    2.34 m
  • Width:

    0.92 m
  • Length:

    0.45 m
  • Area:

    0.41 m2
  • Volume:

    0.93 m3
  • Orientation:

    89.92° left from burial chamber J

Side chamber Jb

See entire tomb

There is a representation of Osiris on the rear (west) wall. This decoration is painted over a thin wash directly on the wall surface.

Porter and Moss designation:

Side-room K

Condition

Cutting finished
Decorated
Excavated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    2.64 m
  • Width:

    3.16 m
  • Length:

    3.19 m
  • Area:

    10.06 m2
  • Volume:

    26.73 m3
  • Orientation:

    89.92° left from burial chamber J

Decoration

  • Deities

    Osiris in front of a djed-pillar rear (West) wall

Gate Jbb

See entire tomb

This gate lies in the right (north) wall of side chamber Jb.

Porter and Moss designation:

L

Condition

Excavated
Cutting finished
Undecorated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    1.72 m
  • Width:

    0.76 m
  • Length:

    0.79 m
  • Area:

    0.6 m2
  • Volume:

    1.03 m3
  • Orientation:

    88.99° right from side chamber Jb

Side chamber Jbb

See entire tomb

This undecorated side chamber lies to the right (north) of side chamber Jb.

Porter and Moss designation:

L

Condition

Cutting finished
Excavated
Undecorated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    1.81 m
  • Width:

    2.65 m
  • Length:

    2.13 m
  • Area:

    5.64 m2
  • Volume:

    10.21 m3
  • Orientation:

    88.99° right from side chamber Jb

Gate Jc

See entire tomb

The gate is located in the rear (north) wall of burial chamber J. It contains compound jambs and is only partly cleared.

Porter and Moss designation:

M

Architectural Features

Compound jambs

Condition

Partly excavated
Cutting finished
Undecorated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    2.45 m
  • Width:

    1.24 m
  • Length:

    0.86 m
  • Area:

    1.14 m2
  • Volume:

    2.59 m3
  • Orientation:

    0° from burial chamber J

Side chamber Jc

See entire tomb

The chamber is still partly filled with debris.

Porter and Moss designation:

M

Condition

Cutting finished
Partly excavated
Undecorated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    3.11 m
  • Width:

    7.25 m
  • Length:

    5.23 m
  • Area:

    37.47 m2
  • Volume:

    116.12 m3
  • Orientation:

    0° from burial chamber J

Gate Jcc

See entire tomb

This gate lies in the right (east) end of the rear (north) wall of side chamber Jc and connects it to side chamber Jcc.

Condition

Partly excavated
Cutting finished
Undecorated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    1.9 m
  • Width:

    0.86 m
  • Length:

    1.06 m
  • Area:

    0.91 m2
  • Volume:

    1.73 m3
  • Orientation:

    0° from side chamber Jc

Side chamber Jcc

See entire tomb

This undecorated side chamber lies to the rear (north) of side chamber Jc.

Condition

Cutting finished
Partly excavated
Undecorated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    2.14 m
  • Width:

    2.65 m
  • Length:

    3.14 m
  • Area:

    8.33 m2
  • Volume:

    17.72 m3
  • Orientation:

    0° from side chamber Jc

Gate Jccc

See entire tomb

This undecorated, unfinished gate lies in the rear (north) wall of side chamber Jcc.

Condition

Partly excavated
Cutting unfinished
Undecorated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    0.69 m
  • Width:

    0.66 m
  • Length:

    0.57 m
  • Area:

    0.38 m2
  • Volume:

    0.26 m3
  • Orientation:

    0° from side chamber Jcc

Side chamber Jccc

See entire tomb

This side chamber is unfinished and is located on a higher level than side chamber Jcc.

Condition

Cutting unfinished
Partly excavated
Undecorated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    0.98 m
  • Width:

    2.43 m
  • Length:

    2.09 m
  • Area:

    4.84 m2
  • Volume:

    4.74 m3
  • Orientation:

    0° from side chamber Jcc

Gate Jd

See entire tomb

The gate is located in the right (east) wall of burial chamber J.

Condition

Excavated
Cutting finished
Undecorated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    1.78 m
  • Width:

    0.89 m
  • Length:

    0.25 m
  • Area:

    0.22 m2
  • Volume:

    0.39 m3
  • Orientation:

    89.9° right from burial chamber J

Side chamber Jd

See entire tomb

This undecorated side chamber lies to the right (east) of burial chamber J.

Condition

Cutting finished
Excavated
Undecorated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    1.84 m
  • Width:

    3.14 m
  • Length:

    2.13 m
  • Area:

    6.66 m2
  • Volume:

    12.23 m3
  • Orientation:

    89.9° right from burial chamber J

Gate Je

See entire tomb

The gate is located in the right (east) wall of burial chamber J.

Condition

Excavated
Cutting finished
Undecorated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    1.85 m
  • Width:

    0.87 m
  • Length:

    0.78 m
  • Area:

    0.67 m2
  • Volume:

    1.25 m3
  • Orientation:

    90.85° right from burial chamber J

Side chamber Je

See entire tomb

This undecorated side chamber lies to the right (east) of burial chamber J.

Condition

Cutting finished
Excavated
Undecorated

Dimensions

  • Height:

    2.02 m
  • Width:

    2.57 m
  • Length:

    2.07 m
  • Area:

    5.29 m2
  • Volume:

    10.78 m3
  • Orientation:

    90.85° right from burial chamber J

About

About

KV 57 is located in the west branch of the southwest Wadi. The tomb's opening, just above the Valley's ancient floor, is low in the south side of a hill that projects eastward into the central wadi from the cliff face where KV 35 (Amenhetep II) is cut. Three sloping corridors (B, C, D) lead to a well chamber (E) and a pillared chamber (F). A side descent and two sloping corridors (G and H) lead to chamber I giving access to the burial chamber J. This has side chambers (Ja-Je), also with side chambers (Jaa, Jbb, Jcc, Jccc). The tomb represents a transition in tomb architecture from the bent axis plan, characteristic of Dynasty 18, to the straight axis royal tombs of Dynasties 19 and 20. The decoration is composed of representations of deities (well chamber E, chamber I, gate J, side chamber Jb), Horemheb with deities (well chamber E, chamber I), and scenes from the Book of Gates (burial chamber J).

Noteworthy features:

This tomb descends with the steepness of earlier tombs in the Valley of the Kings, but several unique features were added. A Ramp descending to a set of stairs was cut between the pillars of the burial chamber J; a second set of stairs was cut beside the first. Both lead to a crypt on a lower level. Also, a lower side chamber (Jaa) was cut beneath side chamber Ja. The decoration in the burial chamber and other parts of the tomb was left in various stages of work, allowing scholars to study the processes involved in preparing painted relief. KV 57 is the first tomb to show the Book of Gates.

Site History

No remains of Horemheb were found, but evidence exists that the tomb was at one time sealed, at least from gate F onwards. The broken lid of the Sarcophagus found lying on the floor, as well as the shattered condition of the Canopic chest and other burial furnishings, suggest that the burial was robbed. Several Hieratic inspection dockets from Dynasty 21 may record temporary caching of burials here before they subsequently were removed, perhaps to KV 35.

Dating

This site was used during the following period(s):

New Kingdom
Dynasty 18
Horemheb
Third Intermediate Period
Dynasty 21

Exploration

1908: Discovery
Ayrton, Edward Russell
1908: Excavation
Ayrton, Edward Russell
1923: Photography
Burton, Harry
1912: Mapping/planning
Davis, Theodore M.
1971: Photography
Hornung, Erik
1934: Conservation
Service des Antiquités
1994-: Conservation
Supreme Council of Antiquities

Conservation

Conservation History

In 1934, the Service des Antiquités carried out some restoration work in chamber I. Following the closure of the tomb after the 1994 flooding, conservation work has been carried out (particularly in chambers E, I, and J) and walkways and lighting were installed.

Site Condition

Significant portions of the painted decoration and blue background have flaked off the walls in well chamber E and chamber I. When discovered, much damage had already happened to the pillars and ceiling of the burial chamber. The blocking of the doorway in the north (rear) wall of well chamber E had been broken through in antiquity, resulting in damage to some of the painted scene that covered it. Damage to the decoration around gates I and J also occurred. This damage has since been repaired. Flooding in the Valley in October and November 1994 caused water to enter the tomb and although much was caught in the shaft of well chamber E, some water seeped across the bridge over the shaft and entered the lower chambers.

Hieroglyphs

Horemheb

King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Sacred are Manifestations of Ra, Chosen by Ra, Son of Ra, Horus is in Festival, Beloved of Amen
niswt-bity Dsr-xprw-Raw stp-n-Raw sA-Raw 1r-m-HAb mry-n-Imn

Articles

Decorating the Tombs

The artists and workmen responsible for decorating the tombs used a variety of implements in wood, metal and stone in different stages of the process.

Funerary Equipment

The types of funerary equipment Egyptians put into their tombs had become standardized long before the New Kingdom.

Bibliography

Reeves, Carl Nicholas.  Valley of the Kings: The Decline of a Royal Necropolis (= Studies in Egyptology).  London:  KPI, 1990. Pp. 75-79.

Robins, Gay.  Anomalous Proportions in the Tomb of Haremhab (KV57).  Göttingen Miszellen.  Göttingen.  65 (1983): 91-6.

Weeks, Kent R. (ed.).  Atlas of the Valley of the Kings (=Publications of the Theban Mapping Project, 1).  Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2000.  Map sheets 66-67.

Weeks, Kent R.  The Treasures of Luxor and the Valley of the Kings.  Vercelli: WhiteStar, 2005; Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2005.  Available in English, Italian, Spanish, French, German, and Chinese.  Pp. 258-267.

Wilkinson, Richard H. and Carl Nicholas Reeves.  The Complete Valley of the Kings.  London:  Thames and Hudson, 1996.  Pp. 130-133.